Saturday, 14 September 2013

Book Review: 'Hamlet' - William Shakespeare

William Shakespeare is renowned as one of the world’s most prolific and prominent playwrights. Hamlet is a tragedy among Shakespeare’s many works, telling the story of a young prince of Denmark as he embarks on an emotional journey to avenge his father and find himself. Hamlet expresses the theme of uncertainty and challenging one of life’s heaviest questions: “To be, or not to be?”



A theme that was greatly exercised throughout the play is uncertainty. The play opens with Horatio and the guard Bernardo, Francesco and Marcellus debating if the supposed ghost they saw was truly an apparition of the supernatural. Horatio claims “ ’tis but [their] fantasy; And will not let belief take hold of him.” In short, they are uncertain if the ghost truly exists. Later, when the ghost does, indeed, appear, its resemblance to the late King causes them to query if this is the King’s own spirit. Marcellus asks Horatio to “Question it”. Later, having been convinced of the ghost’s existence, they inform Hamlet, the prince. Hamlet is quick to follow the ghost, but doubtful towards the veracity of its claims that the late King was murdered by the current King and his own brother, Claudius. 

It is Hamlet’s uncertainty which leads to his staging of the play - he commands a performance about his father’s murder according to the ghost’s retelling. Hamlet states that “If ‘a steal caught the whilst this play is playing; And ‘scape detecting, I will pay the theft”. His uncle, Claudius, does react in a manner of guilt, confirming his role in the late King’s murder. Hamlet vows to avenge his father’s death. However, Claudius prays and confesses his guilt in private as Hamlet is about the commit the deed. Claudius’s confession causes Hamlet to stop. He believes Claudius’s confession would earn him forgiveness and would allow his soul to enter heaven upon death: “A villain kills my father, and for that,; I, his sole son, do this same villain send; To heaven.” Hamlet’s uncertainty in the state of Claudius’s immortal soul renders him unwilling to kill him lest it send Claudius to a better place.

The greatest uncertainty of the play and of life itself is death. In Hamlet’s famous soliloquy, he ponders “To be, or not to be’. He considers how terrible life is, how humans are commanded by “outrageous fortune” and subjected to “a sea of troubles”. Ultimately, he comes to the conclusion that “the dread of something after death; The undiscovered country, from whose bourn; No traveler returns, puzzles the will,; And makes us rather bear those ills we have; Than fly to others that we know not of?” Because of everybody’s uncertainty towards what happens after death - a journey where “no traveler returns” - we would prefer embracing the troubles inflicted upon us by Life, than venture into more unknown worries that Death might foist upon us. Hamlet states that “conscience does make cowards of us all”. I am inclined to agree with Shakespeare’s perspective on the matter of death; we are afraid because we are uncertain. How can we ever know what happens to us after death? In the end, no matter how unhappy we feel whilst alive, the uncertainty concerning what lies after death is incentive enough to stop us from “[our] quietus make; With a bare bodkin”.

I enjoyed the play in that Shakespeare introduces the play’s protagonist, Hamlet, not as a worldly, wise or lovable character, but a spoiled, selfish and arrogant one. In some ways, the reader sympathizes with Hamlet’s plight; his mother has married his uncle before his father was cold in his grave. But Hamlet’s poor treatment of Ophelia and his immaturity exhibited throughout the play - “Buzz Buzz” - do not give rise to great pleasure within the reader. From beginning to end, Hamlet is truly a lost soul. He is constantly searching for release from the closeted lifestyle he leads.

Shakespeare has been known to create entirely new English words through his work. The imagery and language he employs to describe his characters and the setting is vivid and rich. For example, the players hired by Hamlet are extraordinarily flamboyant, speaks of a voice “like a piece of uncurrent gold”. The formal, old English can be hard to comprehend at times, but the phrasing of sentences is elegant and pleasant to the ear.


Hamlet is not my favourite Shakespearean play; it is wholly too tragic. I enjoy the questions Shakespeare presents to the reader, demonstrating his forward-thinking in a relatively conservative society and period. Reading this play, I thought a lot more about what life means to me. I have come to the conclusion that although it has its crests and troughs, it is in no way as bleak and dismal as Hamlet describes. Hamlet is a character longing for the melodramatic and hysterical if only to excite the world around him. I have no such desire for the extreme. Still, the beautiful prose was enjoyable and I managed to ponder more about life’s darkest question.

 - Calista

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